Medicare's Pre-payment Provisional Period of Enhanced Oversight

Bulletin,

Medicare's Pre-payment Provisional Period of Enhanced Oversight (PPEO) is a review process for certain hospice providers, particularly new or newly acquired ones, in high-risk states like California, Nevada, Texas, and Arizona, designed to ensure compliance and reduce fraud. Reviews involve medical record and billing reviews, can last up to a year, and if a provider doesn't resolve issues, they may face penalties or termination from the Medicare program. The program's goal is to protect Medicare's integrity by identifying and addressing fraudulent or non-compliant practices, such as the "churn and burn" scheme where fake hospices open and close to pocket payments.

What is the PPEO?
  • Pre-payment review: This is a medical review of hospice claims before Medicare makes payment. 
  • Enhanced oversight: It's a more intensive review compared to standard oversight. 
  • Provisional period: The review period is a temporary measure, often lasting a year, but can be extended based on findings. 
Who is affected?
  • New hospices: Newly enrolling hospices in specific states. 
  • Reactivated hospices: Providers who were previously inactive and are reapplying. 
  • Hospices undergoing ownership changes: Providers who submit a change of ownership that meets certain criteria. 
  • Targeted States: The program has been expanded in states with significant hospice enrollment increases and concerns about fraudulent activity, including California, Nevada, Arizona, and Texas. 
What is the process?

     1. Medical Review: The hospice's medical records and billing information are collected and reviewed.

     2. Focus on Compliance: The review determines if services meet Medicare's coverage, coding, billing,                           and medical necessity requirements.

     3. Education: Like other programs, PPEO can involve education to help providers correct issues, but it may be           less forgiving than other programs. 

     4. Enforcement Actions: If a hospice doesn't comply, it may face other enforcement remedies or even                         termination from the Medicare program.

Why is it being done?
  • To reduce fraud and abuse:
    The program aims to combat schemes like "churn and burn," where fraudulent hospice operations repeatedly enroll, bill Medicare, and shut down. 
  • To ensure compliance:
    It ensures that hospices are meeting all Medicare rules and providing appropriate care to beneficiaries. 
  • To protect program integrity:
    By scrutinizing high-risk providers, Medicare can maintain the financial health and trustworthiness of the hospice benefit.